Conceptualizing the pedestrian mall in post-war North America and understanding its transatlantic transfer through the work and influence of Victor Gruen

Pedestrianization was an established concept among modernist architects and planners long before the first post-war pedestrian malls were built in North American downtowns. Post-war pedestrian-oriented suburban shopping malls, such as Northland near Detroit, MI and Northgate in Seattle, WA, linked retail success to the pedestrian shopping experience. This propelled the existing but then-untested assumption that planning downtowns to mimic suburban shopping centres by pedestrianizing main streets would revitalize downtown retail districts. Despite the modern origins of the pedestrianization concept, the rhetorical cues of post-war architects and planners in North America mask its modern roots and employ nostalgic imagery of pre-industrial European urbanism, implying European origin of the concept. Although imagery of European charm became a means of packaging modernist ideas of pedestrianization, the design proposals rarely referenced or replicated actual European precedents. Furthermore, while much research implies a linear transfer of pedestrianization ideas from Europe to North America, professionals in Europe also looked to North American shopping malls and pedestrian streets for guidance in addressing their own challenges with accommodating automobiles in downtowns.     

浅议Chinaplas 2014塑料工程绿色化解决方案的科学发展及展望

提出了塑料工程绿色化的解决方案的科学发展的内涵。从Chinaplas？2014的塑料原料、添加剂、塑料材料、制品工程、废料回收利用、成型加工等六个方面,浅述了塑料工程绿色化的解决方案的科学发展。分析了塑料工程绿色化的解决方案的科学发展存在的问题,并探讨了科学发展的方向。指出从塑料原料、设备、成型加工工艺、制品后处理、测试、物流包装、回收利用等塑料工程的各个环节研发全套绿色化的解决方案,才能创新创造绿色化的塑料工程。     

注塑机绿色设计的分析研究（下）

注塑机绿色设计是实现保护环境质量、尽量减少能源与其他自然资源的消耗、用更清洁和更有效的技术、支持生态环境完整性的可持续发展的基础。分析了注塑机绿色设计的属性,阐述了注塑机的机构、动力驱动系统、控制系统、清洁技术等绿色设计存在的问题及研发重点,探讨了注塑机的柔性模块化的绿色设计,研究了绿色设计技术的科学发展及绿色设计服务于绿色注塑工程的发展领域,指出绿色设计服务于绿色注塑工程技术发展才有市场价值。文中以绿色设计为准则,列举并分析了较多的设计中常见缺陷及其产生的原因,并提出了解决的建议和措施,对于注塑机绿色设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

The study of thermodynamics and kinetics methyl orange and malachite green by SWCNTs,SWCNT-COOH and SWCNT-NH2 as adsorbents from aqueous solution

The effective removal of dyes from aqueous wastes is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries. Removal of methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions were studied using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), carboxylate functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) and amide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-NH₂). The adsorption process was found to be controlled by temperature, ionic strength, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The microstructure of carbon nanotubes was characterized using SEM and FTIR. The adsorbents studied exhibits high efficiency for MO and MG adsorption and the equilibrium states could be achieved in 20, 20, 15 (min) for SWCNTs, SWCNT-COOH, SWCNT-NH₂, respectively. Adsorption capacity of each adsorbent increased with increasing active groups on the surface of carbon nanotube, where SWCNT-NH₂ was the most effectively adsorbent.     

Rapid and Efficient Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation Reactions Associated with Microwave Irradiation

Five quaternary ammonium ionic liquid (IL) and two tetrabutylphosphonium ILs were prepared and characterized. An environmentally benign and convenient functionalized ionic liquid catalytic system was thus explored in the aldol condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes with acetone. The aldol reactions proceeded more efficiently through microwave-assisted heating than through conventional thermal heating. The yield of products obtained under microwave heating for 30 min was approximately 90%, and the ILs can be recovered and reused at least five times without apparent loss of activity. In addition, this catalytic system can be successfully extended to the Henry reactions.     

体育公园模式演变与空间系统发展脉络 研究——基于竞技、风景和触媒的逻辑

体育公园是在生态型体育产业的大背景下,基于现代城市公园的本底满足体育产业需求的发展模式。体育产业所涵盖的功能不断发展更迭,所对应的体育公园空间场所也在同步发生着变化。第一代体育中心承载着单纯的竞技体育功能,第二代风景化体育公园重在体育与公园的多重功能叠合,第三代触媒型体育公园重点强调区域的媒介作用。3代体育公园在投资规模、建设目标、后期运营三方面都存在着较大差异。现代奥林匹克运动会顺应了社会发展的需求和体育发展的潮流,以奥林匹克运动会为研究对象,从功能场所发展的角度对体育公园的概念和发展脉络进行研究,探求其发展动因和模式变化,以期对未来体育公园的建设发展提供参考。     

罗尔斯公平观视角下的美国城市更新策略研究——以亚特兰大环线再开发为例

近年来,美国一些以城市更新为导向的大型景观项目因其巨大的规模和尺度、多元的利益相关方以及所产生的积极社会效应而受到广泛关注,如纽约高线公园、亚特兰大环线。这些景观项目除关注空间设计品质外,相较传统更新实践更加重视利益分配、社会参与以及景观服务可达性等社会公平议题。基于罗尔斯公平理论的视角,系统分析了以亚特兰大环线项目为代表的美国城市更新策略,重点探讨了程序正义、重叠共识、结果正义的实现方法和形式,以期对中国当下的城市更新提供参考与借鉴。     

基于生产性景观的城市节地生态补偿策略研究

通过对以往紧凑高密度、立体化以及地下空间开发等城市节地策略进行梳理与剖析,结合当前生产性景观的发展趋势,提出城市节地的3项新策略:农业、新能源和复合型生产性景观的生态补偿,其实施方法包括填空、置换、叠加和重构。以城市屋顶为例,对3项新策略的节地与生产潜力进行估算,初步验证其有效性。基于城市生产性景观的生态补偿节地策略兼具经济、生态和社会价值,是未来景观与城市可持续发展领域的新课题。     

城市公园恢复性评价心理模型研究 ——基于环境偏好及场所依恋理论视角

环境偏好是游憩者对城市公园环境的一种评价,场所依恋是游憩者与城市公园之间的情感联结,而恢复性评价则是人在城市公园中感知到的心理健康效益。论述了环境偏好、场所依恋及恢复性评价之间的关系,借鉴自我调节理论,构建了城市公园恢复性评价心理模型,并以福州的9个城市公园为例,进行模型验证。结果表明,城市公园的恢复性评价心理路径有2条,分别是"环境偏好→恢复性评价"的简单影响路径和"环境偏好→场所依赖→场所认同→恢复性评价"的综合复杂影响路径。表明游憩者在城市公园中的恢复性感知是一个渐进式的心理感知过程,尤其是在具有场所依恋情感的环境中,经历了"环境认知评价→情感响应→情绪启动"的心理过程,认清这种复杂的心理路径对今后塑造更具恢复性的城市公园景观具有一定的指导借鉴意义。     

基于共享单车大数据的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径研究

城市型自行车绿道对于鼓励居民慢行出行,缓解城市交通拥堵具有非常重要的价值。从共享单车社会行为大数据和绿地空间利用潜力分析两方面内容入手,构建了一个基于实际使用需求和城区可建设空间的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径,并以北京海淀区为例开展实证探索。选线规划途径主要包括:利用共享单车起点—终点数据,并运用熵值法建立评价指标体系进行绿地节点利用潜力分析,确定关键连接节点;通过共享单车轨迹数据得到自行车使用的道路热度,提取现状线性绿地廊道,生成自行车绿道连接的土地适宜性成本栅格;利用连接节点和成本栅格计算最低成本路径,划定绿道选线。该选线途径将随着城市大数据的进一步丰富和准确而得到完善,具有很好的未来应用前景。